LAPSSET Crude Oil Pipeline: Lamu to South Sudan

<span [removed]: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The Lamu Crude Oil Pipeline is a proposed crude oil pipeline that will originate from South Sudan oil fields to the Lamu port and will also be used to evacuate crude oil from the oil-rich fields in South Lokichar in Kenya to Lamu Port for export. Crude oil loading to oil tankers will be made through Single Point Mooring (SPM) at Lamu Port. 200,000DWT is considered as the maximum size of the tankers. The location of the refinery has been investigated under this study. Lamu has been considered for the location. Crude oil will be transported through the crude oil pipeline, while Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel will be transported through the product oil pipeline (multi-product pipeline). Transportation volumes have been set through the analysis by among economists, refinery engineers and pipeline engineers based on the market and economic study.</span><br [removed]: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br [removed]: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span [removed]: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Crude oil is to be transported from the tank terminal beside the refinery to SPMs by two crude oil pipelines. The onshore portion of the pipeline route has been selected to avoid passage through the city center of Lamu, whereas, the offshore portion has been selected to run along the boundary of the port extension plan. The pipelines will run in an easterly direction through Magumba before turning South-east into Wange creak where they will be installed under the seabed to a point just North-west of Pate Island. The lines will make a turn Southwards transversing mainly a mangrove area through Tukutu, Chongoni, and Mwamba Pazah. From Mwamba Pazah the lines will be installed under the sea bed and run southwards to the two SPMs in the main channel. Crude oil stored at Lamu crude oil tank terminal will be transported through crude oil exporting pipelines of 42km length (on-land portion 11km, offshore portion 31km) to Single Point Moorings (SPM) and then to oil tankers (Max.200,000DWT) for export. The duration of loading to the tanker has been set as 30 hours, which is typical loading time in oil-exporting countries. The flow rate of loading to a 200,000DWT tanker has been set as 8,000m3/hr accordingly. The design pressure is set to be 2.0MPa as a typical pressure. As a result of the hydraulic analysis, it has been found that two lines of 48-inch diameter are required.</span><br>