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<p>S&atilde;o Tom&eacute; and Pr&iacute;ncipe has 12 automatic hydrometric stations, which require in-depth maintenance for their effective operation. Taking into account the climate change that has devastated the country, there is a need to adapt and mitigate the impacts that could cause flood and river overflow, and be resilient, through operationalization of hydrometric station for issuing alerts and management of watersheds.</p>

<p>The C-O MISOA was initiated in late 2014 with support from the World Bank-managed multi-donor transboundary river basin development facility, the&Acirc; Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA). CIWA facilitated a consultative approach to develop the tools needed to identify sustainable regional investment opportunities in the Cubango-Okavango basin, an area of global environmental significance threatened by deep, persistent poverty within the three strong middle-income member countries;&Acirc; Angola, Namibia and Botswana.</p>
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<p>Upgrading of the Bujumbura-Rumonge-Nyanza Lac-Mugina (RN3) road will improve trade, transport and tourism in the East African region. The road has 3 main sections:</p>

<p>1) Bujumbura-Rumonge (78 km): Studies of its upgrading are ongoing, NEPAD/IPPF funds;</p>

<p>2) Rumonge-Nyanza Lac (45 km): Works are planned, funds from AfDB;</p>

<p>3) Nyanza Lac-Mugina (45 km): Upgrading completed.</p>

<p>Establishing the Nyamapanda/ Cuchimano One-Stop Border Post with Cuchimano on the Mozambique side and Nyamapanda on the Zimbabwean side.</p>

<p>RN18 is a 56km road on the Central Corridor along the RN7- RN18- RN16 route and is a conduit for movement of traffic from Tanzania to Gitega and Bujumbura. RN18 requires upgrading from gravel to asphalt concrete and expansion of the carriageway from 6 metres to 7 metres.</p>

<p>The project involves upgrading of missing links along part of the Central Corridor of Manyoni-Itigi-Tabora-Urambo-Kaliua-Kigoma: Nyahua to Chaya (90km), Urambo to Kaliua (33km), Kazirambwa to Chagu (40km) and Malagarasi to Uvinza (51km) from gravel to paved.</p>

<p>The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) underlies the countries of Chad, Egypt, Libya&Acirc; and Sudan, the total population of which is over 136 million. It is the world&acirc;&euro;&trade;s largest &acirc;&euro;&tilde;fossil&acirc;&euro;&trade; water aquifer system.</p>
<p>The project scope involves:</p>
<ul>
<li>Developing a standard mechanism for monitoring the development of the aquifer</li>
<li>Capacity building/ training for field investigations/monitoring of groundwater in four countries</li>
<li>Creating a legislative framework for attaining principles of cooperation and equitable utilization</li>
<li>Developing framework for the implementation of the regional strategy for utilization of the NSAS</li>
</ul>
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<p>The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) underlies the countries of Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan, the total population of which is over 136 million. It is the world's largest &lsquo;fossil' water aquifer system stretching over approximately 2.6 million square km in Northeast Africa. Fresh groundwater reserves in the aquifer system is estimated at 372,950 billion cubic metre (BCM), out of which only 3.9% is recoverable with present?day technology. The riparian countries sharing the aquifer system face similar problems of arid climate, scarce surface water resources, persistent droughts and fragile ecosystems. The aquifer is a critically important source of water in this arid desert region and will be increasingly in demand in the future. Hence, all four countries have given priority to linking the NSAS groundwater exploitation to national development strategies and plans. Growing pressures on the aquifer system pose threats to both the quantity and quality of the resource and could, if not appropriately managed, lead to transboundary/shared problems and tension.</p>
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<p>The study of the Ntem River Bridge is part of the Kribi-Campo-Bata maritime route linking the port of Kribi to Cameroon and Bata in Equatorial Guinea. The inter-capital connections study will identify missing links and determine the technical and economic feasibility of the construction of a crossing structure and the development of a single border control post at the border of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. It will make technical, legal and financial recommendations for the management and operation of the Yaounde-Kribi-Bata-Libreville development and corridor.</p>

<p>The project, located in Guinea, aims to regulate the Senegal River in four countries via a multipurpose dam.</p>